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Long-Range Rifle Calibers Compared: .308 Winchester, 7.62x54R, .300 Win Mag, .338 Lapua & .50 BMG Long-range rifle performance depends on more than the rifle alone. Cartridge selection, bullet weight, rifle platform, barrel length, optic quality, ammunition consistency, recoil management, and shooter skill all work together. The image compares several well-known long-range rifle cartridges, including .308 Winchester, 7.62x54R, .300 Winchester Magnum, .338 Lapua Magnum, and .50 BMG. These car …